AP World History 2012-2013
  • Unit 1
    • 1.1.3: Tools and Adaptation>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.9 & 1.3.2: New Religions & Geographies of Early Civs.>
      • Early Religions>
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
        • Works Cited
      • The Early Civilizations>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
        • Works Cited
    • 1.1.2: Humans and Fire>
      • 1.1.4: Economic Structures>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.6: Arts & Record Keeping>
      • Arts and Artisanship
      • Systems of Recordkeeping
      • Case Study: The Phoenician Alphabet
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.1-1.3.3: Early Culture & Systems of Rule>
      • Culture's Effects
      • Systems of Rule
      • Case Study: Hammurabi's Code
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.1-1.4 Early Human Innovation>
      • 1.1.1: Human Patterns of Migration>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.2.1-1.2.3: The Climate & The Neolithic Era>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.2.5-1.2.6: Reliable Food Sources & Innovation>
      • Case Study - The Plow
      • Works Cited
    • 1.3.1-1.3.2: Pastoralists & Early Architecture>
      • Introduction
      • Monumental Architecture And Urban Planning
      • Pastoralist Weapon Dissemination And Transportation
      • Pastoralist Tools
      • Basic
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Works Cited
  • Unit 2
    • 2.2.5-2.2.7 Social Hierarchy and Gender Roles>
      • Gender Roles>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Social Hierarchies >
        • AGMSPRITE
    • 2.2.4 Cities>
      • Trade>
        • Trade AGMSPRITE
        • Trade Case Study
      • Religious Rituals>
        • Religious Rituals AGMSPRITE
        • Religious Rituals Case Study
      • Public Administration>
        • Public Administration AGMSPRITE
        • Public Administration Case Study
    • 2.2.2 Orchestration of the Persian and S. Asian Empires>
      • Persia>
        • Imperial Administration and Legal Systems
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economic Integration and Regulation
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • South Asia>
        • Imperial Administration and Legal Systems
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economic Integration and Regulation
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 2.2.2 Orchestration of Rome and China>
      • China>
        • Imperial Administration
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economics
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Rome>
        • Imperial Administration
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economics
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 2.2.1: Growth of Empires & States>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 2.1.6 Cultures Of Second Wave Civilizations>
      • Sculptures
      • Architecture
      • Literature
      • A.G.M.S.P.R.I.T.E
      • Sources
    • 2.1.1: Religions as a Bonding Force>
      • The Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Case Study
    • 2.1.4 Buddhism and Hinduism Impact on Gender Roles>
      • Buddhism
    • 2.1.2 The Emergence of Religions>
      • Christianity
      • Confucianism
      • Greco-Roman Philosophy
      • Daoism
      • AGMSPRITE
  • Unit 3
    • 3.1.1 Third Wave Global Trade Routes>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.2 The Impact of trade on emerging trading cities>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.3. Spread of Islam Through Afro-Eurasia>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 3.1.4 Inter-Regional Travelers >
      • The Basic Gist
      • Compare and Contrast
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.5. Cultural Interactions and Art>
      • The Basic Gist
      • Cultural Traditions AGMSPRITE
      • Art AGMSPRITE
      • Literature AGMSPRITE
      • Case Study
    • 3.1.6: The Impact of Newly Spread Technologies and Scientific Knowledge>
      • Basic Gist
      • Movement of Gunpowder from East to West
      • Movement of Printing from East to West
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.7 Inter-Regional Conflicts>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
  • Unit 4
    • 4.1.1. - Influence of Tools Upon Transoceanic Trade>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 4.1.2: Maritime Reconnaissance>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 4.1.3 World Economies>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE analysis
      • Case Study
    • 4.1.4 The Colossal Impact of the Colombian Exchange>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study on Sugar
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis of the East
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis of the West
    • 4.1.5 Government and the Arts>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 4.2.3 Forced Migration of Africans Cause and Effect>
      • Basic Gist
      • Causes of the forced migration of Africans
      • Effects/Developments of the forced migration of Africans
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 4.3.2 Impact of Technology on state consolidation and imperial expansion>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
  • Unit 5
    • 5.3.1 US and Latin American Revolutions >
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2b Hatian Revolution>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2a: Causes and Effects of French Revolution>
      • Causes of the French Revolution
      • Effects of the French Revolution
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2c Causes and Effects of the Mexican Revolution>
      • Basic Gist
      • Causes of the Mexican Revolution
      • Effects of the Mexican Revolution
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 5.3.3: The Winds of Change>
      • Case Study
      • The Conception of Nation-States
      • Nationalism on the Rise
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 5.3.4 Nationalism and Democracy >
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
      • 5.3.5 Enlightenment and European Despots>
        • Basic Gist
  • Unit 6
    • War and Peace in a Global Context>
      • Big Gist>
        • WWI vs WWII
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Changing Economics>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE
      • Case Study
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Demographic and Environmental Changes>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 20th Century Globalization>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Effects of Revolutions on Women>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • New Patterns of Nationalism >
      • Basic Gist
      • Independence of Vietnam Case Study
      • Effects of Communism Case Study
      • Chinese and Russian Revolutions
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Globalization of Science, technology and culture. >
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
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Confucianism
Buddhism
Greco-Roman Philosophy
Impact on Gender Roles
Daoism
AGMSPRITE

Christianity

By: Elodie Chidiac

"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life." John 3:16
Christians believe that Jesus, Son of God, was sent to earth to save all human beings and offer eternal life to whoever followed him.


Geography
Originally a small group of Jews practiced the religion, but Christianity quickly expanded into the non-Jewish community and throughout the Roman Empire more specifically the Roman State of Judea.
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History
Christianity came into existence with Jesus of Nazareth, a Jewish teacher who claimed to be the Son of God, the Messiah, for whom the Jewish had long awaited. Many people followed his teachings about devotion and love for other human beings. Jesus was known for using parables that were earthly stories with a heavenly meaning.
The Romans and the Jewish Pharisees (priests) rebelled and in 30 C.E. Jesus was crucified. His followers believed that he rose from the dead and ascended into heaven. Thus Christians deem in the resurrection of Jesus Christ who is both human and divine. 


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Jeus Christ, the Son of God
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The crucifiction
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Jesus' resurrection


Religious Text: The Bible
Christianity is based on both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible. The Old Testament described the history of the people that God choose to be the ones through whom the Messiah would come. Therefore, it contains the history of God's people, the Jews. The New Testament was written later as a demonstration of the fulfillment of the Old Testament Prophecies of Jesus. 
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The Old and New Testament of the Bible

Values and Beliefs
Christians believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and that the forgiveness of sins, and everlasting life, is achievable only through belief in divinity, death and resurrection of Christ.Jesus acted as the link between God and human beings. They view that man was made on the Sabbath day by a sovereign God who was the creator of all things and matter.
Christians are expected to know God, to worship him, and to practice love and service him and other human beings. They tend to follow the ten commandments that were given to Moses, the prophet who freed the Jews from Egypt.
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The Ten Commandments

Worldwide impact
In the early days, Christianity was spread by Paul the Tarsus and  the twelve disciples who were chosen by Jesus. Paul was an anti-Christian at first who was converted by a vision of Christ and thus spread Jesus' teachings.
By the third century C.E, Christianity had become the most powerful religion in the Mediterranean basin. It was eventually adopted by Constantine after he claimed having a vision of Christ while on the battlefield. Later, it was made the official religion by Theodosius since the use of religious code of laws helped unify the people. Eventually, Christianity branched out westward and northward into regions beyond the boundaries of the Roman Empire.
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Paul of Tarsus spreading Jesus' teachings
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Jesus' twelve disciples listening to his parables.
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Christianity spread from Antioch to Syria, from Ephesus to Asia Minor & Gaul, from Alexandria to the S and SE of the Roman empire, from Rome to Italy and Africa and from there to Spain. Constantinople became the centre for the christianization of the Balkans

The Formation of Modern Christianity
Augustine was one of the foremost philosopher of early Christianity and the leading figure of the church of North Africa. He questioned contemporary religions more specifically Christianity. Augustine's philosophy was always concrete, derived from his own personal experiences. According to him, Christianity was the true philosophy. Truth is one, and God is truth. Augustine stood strong behind his beliefs arguing that only faith provides the base from which the quest for wisdom starts. He published writings such as Confessions to make Christianity more intellectually appealing. Later, Augustine began the process of establishing an official doctrine which was emphasized by Constantine to unite the Empire. Looking at different texts and philosophies, Augustine drew the conclusion that Jesus was both divine and human. He, then, created a church hierarchy that consists of five bishops: Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople and Rome which was the most powerful of all.
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Saint Augustine of Hippo is one of the most influential of the Christian Writers.

Gender Roles
Mary Magdalene's story is intimately linked with Jesus. She plays a starring role in one of the most powerful and important scenes in the Gospels. When Jesus was crucified, Mary Magdalene was supporting him in his final terrifying moments. She was also the one who discovered the empty tomb and was the first witness of Jesus' resurrection. Although Mary Magdalene first image in the Bible is portrayed as a prostitute and thus a sinner, she plays a major role in the Christian faith when she washes Jesus's feet with tears and wipe them with her own hair, and kissed his feet and anointed them with ointment. She has fallen but was redeemed, and thus she portrays an imagine of redemption, a signal that no matter how low one falls, one can be redeemed and Jesus will forgive one's sins. Mary Magdalene was one of the most devoted followers of Jesus Christ and is considered a saint in the Christian faith.
In both Buddhism and Christianity, women were considered equal in their ability to achieve salvation or nirvana comparing to India where women could not achieve Moksha. Also, in both religions women were allowed to remove themselves from traditional roles and become nuns living in convents away from society. Within the various Christian traditions both men and women can be recalled as saints.
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While Mary is asking forgiveness from Jesus Christ, she washes his feet with her tears and dries them with her hair.

Citations
"Why Is the Bible Divided into Two Parts: The Old Testament and The New Testament."CARM. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. <http://carm.org/bible-two-parts>.
Armstrong, Monty. "6." Cracking the AP World History Exam. New York: Random House, 2012. N. pag. Print
"Gender Roles in Christianity." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Mar. 2012. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_roles_in_Christianity>.
"Religious Symbols Meaning." Religious Symbols. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012"Your Browser Is No Longer Supported." Google AdWords. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. <https://adwords.google.com/select/KeywordToolExternal>."Pedro M. Rosario Barbosa's Blog." Pedro M. Rosario Barbosa's Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012. <http://pmrb.net/blog/tag/paul-of-tarsus/>."World History : HyperHistory." World History : HyperHistory. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. <http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/History_n2/a.html>.BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/history/marymagdalene.shtml>.





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