AP World History 2012-2013
  • Unit 1
    • 1.1.3: Tools and Adaptation>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.9 & 1.3.2: New Religions & Geographies of Early Civs.>
      • Early Religions>
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
        • Works Cited
      • The Early Civilizations>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
        • Works Cited
    • 1.1.2: Humans and Fire>
      • 1.1.4: Economic Structures>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.6: Arts & Record Keeping>
      • Arts and Artisanship
      • Systems of Recordkeeping
      • Case Study: The Phoenician Alphabet
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.1-1.3.3: Early Culture & Systems of Rule>
      • Culture's Effects
      • Systems of Rule
      • Case Study: Hammurabi's Code
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.1-1.4 Early Human Innovation>
      • 1.1.1: Human Patterns of Migration>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.2.1-1.2.3: The Climate & The Neolithic Era>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.2.5-1.2.6: Reliable Food Sources & Innovation>
      • Case Study - The Plow
      • Works Cited
    • 1.3.1-1.3.2: Pastoralists & Early Architecture>
      • Introduction
      • Monumental Architecture And Urban Planning
      • Pastoralist Weapon Dissemination And Transportation
      • Pastoralist Tools
      • Basic
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Works Cited
  • Unit 2
    • 2.2.5-2.2.7 Social Hierarchy and Gender Roles>
      • Gender Roles>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Social Hierarchies >
        • AGMSPRITE
    • 2.2.4 Cities>
      • Trade>
        • Trade AGMSPRITE
        • Trade Case Study
      • Religious Rituals>
        • Religious Rituals AGMSPRITE
        • Religious Rituals Case Study
      • Public Administration>
        • Public Administration AGMSPRITE
        • Public Administration Case Study
    • 2.2.2 Orchestration of the Persian and S. Asian Empires>
      • Persia>
        • Imperial Administration and Legal Systems
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economic Integration and Regulation
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • South Asia>
        • Imperial Administration and Legal Systems
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economic Integration and Regulation
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 2.2.2 Orchestration of Rome and China>
      • China>
        • Imperial Administration
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economics
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Rome>
        • Imperial Administration
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economics
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 2.2.1: Growth of Empires & States>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 2.1.6 Cultures Of Second Wave Civilizations>
      • Sculptures
      • Architecture
      • Literature
      • A.G.M.S.P.R.I.T.E
      • Sources
    • 2.1.1: Religions as a Bonding Force>
      • The Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Case Study
    • 2.1.4 Buddhism and Hinduism Impact on Gender Roles>
      • Buddhism
    • 2.1.2 The Emergence of Religions>
      • Christianity
      • Confucianism
      • Greco-Roman Philosophy
      • Daoism
      • AGMSPRITE
  • Unit 3
    • 3.1.1 Third Wave Global Trade Routes>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.2 The Impact of trade on emerging trading cities>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.3. Spread of Islam Through Afro-Eurasia>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 3.1.4 Inter-Regional Travelers >
      • The Basic Gist
      • Compare and Contrast
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.5. Cultural Interactions and Art>
      • The Basic Gist
      • Cultural Traditions AGMSPRITE
      • Art AGMSPRITE
      • Literature AGMSPRITE
      • Case Study
    • 3.1.6: The Impact of Newly Spread Technologies and Scientific Knowledge>
      • Basic Gist
      • Movement of Gunpowder from East to West
      • Movement of Printing from East to West
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.7 Inter-Regional Conflicts>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
  • Unit 4
    • 4.1.1. - Influence of Tools Upon Transoceanic Trade>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 4.1.2: Maritime Reconnaissance>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 4.1.3 World Economies>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE analysis
      • Case Study
    • 4.1.4 The Colossal Impact of the Colombian Exchange>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study on Sugar
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis of the East
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis of the West
    • 4.1.5 Government and the Arts>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 4.2.3 Forced Migration of Africans Cause and Effect>
      • Basic Gist
      • Causes of the forced migration of Africans
      • Effects/Developments of the forced migration of Africans
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 4.3.2 Impact of Technology on state consolidation and imperial expansion>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
  • Unit 5
    • 5.3.1 US and Latin American Revolutions >
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2b Hatian Revolution>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2a: Causes and Effects of French Revolution>
      • Causes of the French Revolution
      • Effects of the French Revolution
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2c Causes and Effects of the Mexican Revolution>
      • Basic Gist
      • Causes of the Mexican Revolution
      • Effects of the Mexican Revolution
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 5.3.3: The Winds of Change>
      • Case Study
      • The Conception of Nation-States
      • Nationalism on the Rise
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 5.3.4 Nationalism and Democracy >
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
      • 5.3.5 Enlightenment and European Despots>
        • Basic Gist
  • Unit 6
    • War and Peace in a Global Context>
      • Big Gist>
        • WWI vs WWII
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Changing Economics>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE
      • Case Study
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Demographic and Environmental Changes>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 20th Century Globalization>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Effects of Revolutions on Women>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • New Patterns of Nationalism >
      • Basic Gist
      • Independence of Vietnam Case Study
      • Effects of Communism Case Study
      • Chinese and Russian Revolutions
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Globalization of Science, technology and culture. >
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE

THE BASIC GIST

The Colombian Exchange

was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian Hemispheres following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
Home
Case Study on Sugar
AGMSPRITE Analysis of the East
AGMSPRITE of the West

The exchange of food.

The Colombian exchange opened up new lands for the crops that were exchanged between the different cultures. Food that was displaced by the Colombian exchange were pineapples, maize, potatoes, oranges, bananas  tomatoes, and chili peppers. This displacement allowed for tomatoes to be added to the diets of Italians and potatoes to be grown in Ireland so much  that a shortage later caused a famine in the 1840's. This exchange of food was a way for cultural diffusion to occur across large distances and helped to form many of the stereotypical foods we have today. The tobacco crop also changed Europe  creating a boom in their economy and changing the culture for the foreseeable future. Crops were not only taken from the Americas, but also brought there by Easterners; Wheat, barley, rye and sugar were all introduced to the west. Many domesticated animals were also brought from the east including the cow, horse, sheep, pig and goat. These provided beasts of burden for the people in the Americas to grow the new crops that had been brought over in much larger quantities than the natives were used to. 
Picture
Map of the Colombian exchange

The exchange of goods and technology

The Columbian Exchange allowed a great deal of innovation to happen across the entire world. Before this system of trade there were no efficient means of trading across the ocean. Regions were typically isolated to their own resources, unable to experiment, innovate, or use the region's resources. With the Columbian Exchange new resources landed in every region and made innovation and efficiency much higher as well as boosting the entire world economy. The New World brought to the old world Quanine, which was the only treatment for Malaria at the time. This had a massive impact in Europe and saved many lives. African rubber being exchanged is even called a revolution by some. It was rarely used in Africa, but the Native Americans tinkered with it and found ways to use it. The rubber was used to create a wide range of items that were of central importance in their daily lives: hoods, boots, tents, balls, torches, jars, containers, syringes, toys, breastplates, rubber-headed drum sticks, and adhesives. The Natives would make these and sell them to Europe too as well as keep them for themselves. Europe would also sell these back to Africa, showing the exchange go full circle. The biggest impact was that of domesticated animals from the Old World going to the New World. Not only did these bring over pathogens that killed many, but also provided a new area of agriculture in the future. Animals changed the lives of the Natives greatly, while at first they seemed like a positive, in the end they ended up being one of the reasons for their downfall.
Picture
Rubber in its raw state
Picture
Quanine flower

The exchange of ideas 

The major ideas brought from the old world to the new world are: the concept of corporate structure, as well as religion (specifically Christianity). The idea of corporate structure was brought over to the Americas by trading companies such as the Dutch West India co. and the British East Indie co. This corporate structure was the first sense of complex and developed business seen in the Americas; it provided a conceptual idea that would help the Americas become a successful business hub in the future. The idea that had the largest and fastest impact was the spread of Christianity. Before the spread of Christianity, the Americas lacked a unified religion and in many cases were Polytheistic. During the Colombian exchange many missionaries would accompany traders to spread the word of Christianity, as well as many slaves would be converted by the Europeans. This effect can be seen today with the major religion from North to South America being Christianity.
Picture
Flag of the Dutch East India co.

Proliferation of disease 

Many diseases were spread to the new and old worlds from the Colombian exchange. In the New world many of the farm animal based diseases such as smallpox, influenza and measles spread as epidemics among native people because they did not have any domesticated animals that were used in great excess to give the a chance to build up immunity's to these diseases. In fact smallpox was the largest killer of the Native Americans, even deadlier that the Black Plague of Europe. As people died of these diseases the ecosystems of the animals began to be thrown into disarray because previously hunted animals were suddenly left alone. These epidemics also caused a labor shortage in the Americas with less natives to be used as a labor force by conquerors. This was the reason African slaves were brought in, who also were carrying diseases such as malaria and yellow fever which further plagued the natives. There was not much of a flow of disease in the opposite direction though. There are sporadic causes of tuberculosis and syphilis reported, many are still unsure and evidence is not conclusive if any diseases were sent from the New world To the Old world.

Works Cited

http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site19/index.html

http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/columbian.htm

http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/american-indians/essays/columbian-exchange

http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/1866http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_Exchange
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