AP World History 2012-2013
  • Unit 1
    • 1.1.3: Tools and Adaptation>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.9 & 1.3.2: New Religions & Geographies of Early Civs.>
      • Early Religions>
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
        • Works Cited
      • The Early Civilizations>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
        • Works Cited
    • 1.1.2: Humans and Fire>
      • 1.1.4: Economic Structures>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.6: Arts & Record Keeping>
      • Arts and Artisanship
      • Systems of Recordkeeping
      • Case Study: The Phoenician Alphabet
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.1-1.3.3: Early Culture & Systems of Rule>
      • Culture's Effects
      • Systems of Rule
      • Case Study: Hammurabi's Code
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.1-1.4 Early Human Innovation>
      • 1.1.1: Human Patterns of Migration>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.2.1-1.2.3: The Climate & The Neolithic Era>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.2.5-1.2.6: Reliable Food Sources & Innovation>
      • Case Study - The Plow
      • Works Cited
    • 1.3.1-1.3.2: Pastoralists & Early Architecture>
      • Introduction
      • Monumental Architecture And Urban Planning
      • Pastoralist Weapon Dissemination And Transportation
      • Pastoralist Tools
      • Basic
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Works Cited
  • Unit 2
    • 2.2.5-2.2.7 Social Hierarchy and Gender Roles>
      • Gender Roles>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Social Hierarchies >
        • AGMSPRITE
    • 2.2.4 Cities>
      • Trade>
        • Trade AGMSPRITE
        • Trade Case Study
      • Religious Rituals>
        • Religious Rituals AGMSPRITE
        • Religious Rituals Case Study
      • Public Administration>
        • Public Administration AGMSPRITE
        • Public Administration Case Study
    • 2.2.2 Orchestration of the Persian and S. Asian Empires>
      • Persia>
        • Imperial Administration and Legal Systems
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economic Integration and Regulation
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • South Asia>
        • Imperial Administration and Legal Systems
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economic Integration and Regulation
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 2.2.2 Orchestration of Rome and China>
      • China>
        • Imperial Administration
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economics
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Rome>
        • Imperial Administration
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economics
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 2.2.1: Growth of Empires & States>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 2.1.6 Cultures Of Second Wave Civilizations>
      • Sculptures
      • Architecture
      • Literature
      • A.G.M.S.P.R.I.T.E
      • Sources
    • 2.1.1: Religions as a Bonding Force>
      • The Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Case Study
    • 2.1.4 Buddhism and Hinduism Impact on Gender Roles>
      • Buddhism
    • 2.1.2 The Emergence of Religions>
      • Christianity
      • Confucianism
      • Greco-Roman Philosophy
      • Daoism
      • AGMSPRITE
  • Unit 3
    • 3.1.1 Third Wave Global Trade Routes>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.2 The Impact of trade on emerging trading cities>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.3. Spread of Islam Through Afro-Eurasia>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 3.1.4 Inter-Regional Travelers >
      • The Basic Gist
      • Compare and Contrast
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.5. Cultural Interactions and Art>
      • The Basic Gist
      • Cultural Traditions AGMSPRITE
      • Art AGMSPRITE
      • Literature AGMSPRITE
      • Case Study
    • 3.1.6: The Impact of Newly Spread Technologies and Scientific Knowledge>
      • Basic Gist
      • Movement of Gunpowder from East to West
      • Movement of Printing from East to West
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.7 Inter-Regional Conflicts>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
  • Unit 4
    • 4.1.1. - Influence of Tools Upon Transoceanic Trade>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 4.1.2: Maritime Reconnaissance>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 4.1.3 World Economies>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE analysis
      • Case Study
    • 4.1.4 The Colossal Impact of the Colombian Exchange>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study on Sugar
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis of the East
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis of the West
    • 4.1.5 Government and the Arts>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 4.2.3 Forced Migration of Africans Cause and Effect>
      • Basic Gist
      • Causes of the forced migration of Africans
      • Effects/Developments of the forced migration of Africans
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 4.3.2 Impact of Technology on state consolidation and imperial expansion>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
  • Unit 5
    • 5.3.1 US and Latin American Revolutions >
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2b Hatian Revolution>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2a: Causes and Effects of French Revolution>
      • Causes of the French Revolution
      • Effects of the French Revolution
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2c Causes and Effects of the Mexican Revolution>
      • Basic Gist
      • Causes of the Mexican Revolution
      • Effects of the Mexican Revolution
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 5.3.3: The Winds of Change>
      • Case Study
      • The Conception of Nation-States
      • Nationalism on the Rise
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 5.3.4 Nationalism and Democracy >
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
      • 5.3.5 Enlightenment and European Despots>
        • Basic Gist
  • Unit 6
    • War and Peace in a Global Context>
      • Big Gist>
        • WWI vs WWII
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Changing Economics>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE
      • Case Study
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Demographic and Environmental Changes>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 20th Century Globalization>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Effects of Revolutions on Women>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • New Patterns of Nationalism >
      • Basic Gist
      • Independence of Vietnam Case Study
      • Effects of Communism Case Study
      • Chinese and Russian Revolutions
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Globalization of Science, technology and culture. >
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
Buddhism
Greco-Roman Philosophy
Christianity
Daoism
Confucianism
AGMSPRITE
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Buddhism vs. Hinduism

By:  Jazmin Haque

The Big Gist
2.1.4 Compare and contrast how belief systems affected gender roles.

Buddhism

Buddhism originated during the 6th century BCE in India. The founder of this religion was Siddharta Gautama. Buddhists strive to achieve Nirvana or enlightenment. Once pain and suffering ended, the enlightened person would encounter serenity. Buddha’s teachings had reflected in the teachings of Hinduism. Karma and rebirth were major aspects in Buddhism. Meditation was also apart of Buddhist culture. Different from Hinduism, Buddhism abandoned social classes and had cast off the religious authority of the Brahmins. Rituals and sacrifices were abandoned from Hindu traditions. Buddhism was not interested in the guesswork about the existence of a God or the creation of the world. People were more inclined to become Buddhist due to the fact that it challenged the inequalities of a Hindu-based caste system and had argued that gender nor caste position was a blockade to enlightenment.
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Hinduism

Hinduism had begun during 800 to 400 BCE on the Indian sub-continent and had originated in the early Indus Valley Civilization. Hinduism believes in the idol worship of many gods and goddesses. Hindus also believe in reincarnation or the soul being reborn into a higher or lower caste based on their previous lives Karma and Dharma. The caste system was a large role in Hinduism. At the bottom of the social pyramid are Sudras, who are servants, laborers, and farm hands. The next higher social class is the Vaisyas who are merchants, farmers, and artisans. Kshatriyas or the warrior class are toward the top of the social pyramid and at the very top are the Brahmin priests who have the largest amount of religious authority in society. Moral ideas of Hinduism consist of truthfulness, compassion, generosity, and purity. 


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Gender Roles in Society: Hinduism Vs. Buddhism

By: Helene Fertal reedited by Jazmin Haque

In comparison to Buddhism, women's roles in society were minimal in Hinduism's society.

Women were seen as dependent minors who needed to be controlled by men in order to succeed under the influence of Hinduism. Hinduism had caused women's rights to decline tremendously during the Vedic period (1600-1800 BCE). Women are subservient to men in everyday life under the practice of Hinduism. This can be seen in the story of the ritual of Sati. Sati was a funeral that was practiced among Indian communities. In this ritual a widowed woman would kill herself as a sacrifice by burning herself on her husband's funeral pyre. This ritual alone shows the difference of men's roles verse women's roles in Hindu society. The act of a woman being influenced to kill herself due to the death of her husband shows that women were not viewed as independent from the men as society but rather dependent of men. It shows that the life of a women is less valuable than a man's because she is forced to sacrifice herself as a duty in order to be reborn into a higher caste in her next life. As these rituals became more complicated, women were not allowed to own property in society. In addition to this, women had married at very young ages which did not allow for them to finish their education under the practice of Hinduism. Due to being married at such young ages, they were not able to finish their educations, therefore not qualifying them to perform many ritual sacrifices. Hindu practices showed the negative characteristics of women. They had stated that women would be promiscuous unless controlled by men. Another example of Hinduism impacting women's roles in Indian society is a quote from Romila Thapar. He states that, "The symbol of the woman in Indian culture has been a curious intermeshing of low legal status, ritual contempt, sophisticated sexual partnership, and deification," In all, Hinduism had impacted women's roles in Indian society by perceiving women as dependent minors who needed to be controlled by men in order to succeed. 
Buddhism differed greatly from Hinduism due to the fact that anyone could achieve enlightenment or Nirvana, not just the upper classes or men. Buddhism had challenged the inequalities of the Hindu-based caste system. It had argued that caste position nor gender should be a barrier to enlightenment.This had been very attractive to women and the lower classes in India. Women had joined Buddhism to find freedom and independence in society which had been  unavailable in Indian society before Buddhism. Women's roles in society became relatively different and better because of Buddhism. Women's social status had improved greatly under Buddhism due to this. Women and men were equal in theory which caused for more rights for women. While patriarchal society stayed the same, women were allowed more freedoms and were seen as independent in the Buddhist society. Women were allowed to become nuns and be religiously and societally active. Overall, Buddhism had allowed for women to be seen as independent and had improved women's rights in society. 




Works Cited

Strayer, Robert W. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. Print. 

"The Main Tenets Of Hinduism." About.com Hinduism. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2012.   <http://hinduism.about.com/od/hinduism101/a/tenets.htm>.

"Buddhism." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 1968. Encyclopedia.com. 18 Nov. 2012<http://www.encyclopedia.com>.
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