AP World History 2012-2013
  • Unit 1
    • 1.1.3: Tools and Adaptation>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.9 & 1.3.2: New Religions & Geographies of Early Civs.>
      • Early Religions>
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
        • Works Cited
      • The Early Civilizations>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
        • Works Cited
    • 1.1.2: Humans and Fire>
      • 1.1.4: Economic Structures>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.6: Arts & Record Keeping>
      • Arts and Artisanship
      • Systems of Recordkeeping
      • Case Study: The Phoenician Alphabet
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.3.1-1.3.3: Early Culture & Systems of Rule>
      • Culture's Effects
      • Systems of Rule
      • Case Study: Hammurabi's Code
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.1-1.4 Early Human Innovation>
      • 1.1.1: Human Patterns of Migration>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.2.1-1.2.3: The Climate & The Neolithic Era>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 1.2.5-1.2.6: Reliable Food Sources & Innovation>
      • Case Study - The Plow
      • Works Cited
    • 1.3.1-1.3.2: Pastoralists & Early Architecture>
      • Introduction
      • Monumental Architecture And Urban Planning
      • Pastoralist Weapon Dissemination And Transportation
      • Pastoralist Tools
      • Basic
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Works Cited
  • Unit 2
    • 2.2.5-2.2.7 Social Hierarchy and Gender Roles>
      • Gender Roles>
        • Case Study
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Social Hierarchies >
        • AGMSPRITE
    • 2.2.4 Cities>
      • Trade>
        • Trade AGMSPRITE
        • Trade Case Study
      • Religious Rituals>
        • Religious Rituals AGMSPRITE
        • Religious Rituals Case Study
      • Public Administration>
        • Public Administration AGMSPRITE
        • Public Administration Case Study
    • 2.2.2 Orchestration of the Persian and S. Asian Empires>
      • Persia>
        • Imperial Administration and Legal Systems
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economic Integration and Regulation
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • South Asia>
        • Imperial Administration and Legal Systems
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economic Integration and Regulation
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 2.2.2 Orchestration of Rome and China>
      • China>
        • Imperial Administration
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economics
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Rome>
        • Imperial Administration
        • Military Power
        • Trade and Economics
        • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 2.2.1: Growth of Empires & States>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 2.1.6 Cultures Of Second Wave Civilizations>
      • Sculptures
      • Architecture
      • Literature
      • A.G.M.S.P.R.I.T.E
      • Sources
    • 2.1.1: Religions as a Bonding Force>
      • The Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
      • Case Study
    • 2.1.4 Buddhism and Hinduism Impact on Gender Roles>
      • Buddhism
    • 2.1.2 The Emergence of Religions>
      • Christianity
      • Confucianism
      • Greco-Roman Philosophy
      • Daoism
      • AGMSPRITE
  • Unit 3
    • 3.1.1 Third Wave Global Trade Routes>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.2 The Impact of trade on emerging trading cities>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.3. Spread of Islam Through Afro-Eurasia>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 3.1.4 Inter-Regional Travelers >
      • The Basic Gist
      • Compare and Contrast
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.5. Cultural Interactions and Art>
      • The Basic Gist
      • Cultural Traditions AGMSPRITE
      • Art AGMSPRITE
      • Literature AGMSPRITE
      • Case Study
    • 3.1.6: The Impact of Newly Spread Technologies and Scientific Knowledge>
      • Basic Gist
      • Movement of Gunpowder from East to West
      • Movement of Printing from East to West
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 3.1.7 Inter-Regional Conflicts>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
  • Unit 4
    • 4.1.1. - Influence of Tools Upon Transoceanic Trade>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 4.1.2: Maritime Reconnaissance>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 4.1.3 World Economies>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE analysis
      • Case Study
    • 4.1.4 The Colossal Impact of the Colombian Exchange>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study on Sugar
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis of the East
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis of the West
    • 4.1.5 Government and the Arts>
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 4.2.3 Forced Migration of Africans Cause and Effect>
      • Basic Gist
      • Causes of the forced migration of Africans
      • Effects/Developments of the forced migration of Africans
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 4.3.2 Impact of Technology on state consolidation and imperial expansion>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
  • Unit 5
    • 5.3.1 US and Latin American Revolutions >
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2b Hatian Revolution>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2a: Causes and Effects of French Revolution>
      • Causes of the French Revolution
      • Effects of the French Revolution
      • AGMSPRITE
    • 5.3.2c Causes and Effects of the Mexican Revolution>
      • Basic Gist
      • Causes of the Mexican Revolution
      • Effects of the Mexican Revolution
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 5.3.3: The Winds of Change>
      • Case Study
      • The Conception of Nation-States
      • Nationalism on the Rise
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 5.3.4 Nationalism and Democracy >
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
      • 5.3.5 Enlightenment and European Despots>
        • Basic Gist
  • Unit 6
    • War and Peace in a Global Context>
      • Big Gist>
        • WWI vs WWII
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Changing Economics>
      • Basic Gist
      • AGMSPRITE
      • Case Study
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Demographic and Environmental Changes>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE Analysis
    • 20th Century Globalization>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Effects of Revolutions on Women>
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE
    • New Patterns of Nationalism >
      • Basic Gist
      • Independence of Vietnam Case Study
      • Effects of Communism Case Study
      • Chinese and Russian Revolutions
      • AGMSPRITE
    • Globalization of Science, technology and culture. >
      • Basic Gist
      • Case Study
      • AGMSPRITE

The Basic Gist

Lauren Ellsworth, Sarah Babbie
Intro Page
AGMSPRITE

Setting the Stage

Before the revolution, the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue (soon to become Haiti) was essentially the richest colony in the world. Some 8,000 plantations produced about 40 of the world’s sugar and about half of its coffee. The colony was run on slave labor and made up most of the population (500,000 slaves, 400,000 whites). The people were sharply divided between the extremely wealthy plantation owners, merchants, and lawyers and what was known as the petits blancs (“poor whites”). Another social group was those of mixed race background. Given its enormous inequalities among the wealthy and poor and the vast amount of slave labor, a revolution was easily set off when news of the French Revolution reached them.
Picture
Art piece depicting sugar cane farming before revolution

Time Frame and Overview

The Haitian slave rebellion began 1791 with a group of slaves killing their master, word of this spread and it grew. The rebellion did not end until 1804, making this a 13 year long rebellion. This places the revolution after the French as well as the American, the ideas of both of those being similar to this.


 The Haitian Revolution was almost like two revolutions: one for the whites fighting off colonial rule and then a slave one that engulfed the entire thing. The entire process was very bloody and very much inspired by the French Revolution. Artwork below gives some very accurate depictions of the violence and uproar. 
Picture
Piece depicting battle shows the unity the Haitians found against the French
Picture
The hanging of a French colonial officer. Just one example of the violence beyond getting the job done that left this revolution more bloody than it needed to be.
Picture
Slaves taking down the rich whites. This shows the violence with which the slave revolts took place.
                 
Picture
Burning in a port city, overall a depiction of the destruction that took place over these 13 years. Also, this picture suggest the lack of trade soon to be experienced after the revolution (with the stagnant ships and failing port city).

Causes

The main reasons for the revolution in Haiti were these inequalities and the exploitation of the poor, much like some of the central reasons for the French revolution. The gap in wealth caused the petits blancs to call for equality. The ideas and example of the French revolution quickly ignited the already sensitive situation in the colony. Also, the massive slave labor force and the conditions therein also started a series of slave revolts.

Significant Peoples

Haiti was a colony of France greatly divided into race, black and white, and into classes, rich and poor.  All of the colored people in Haiti were lower classed, but not all of the people in the lower class were colored.  The issue arose that when the revolution started, all people who were white were at risk of becoming victims. The black Haitians were being converted from using their voodoo ways into Christianity, which was less than advantageous because it led to the people having more unrest.
Picture
Toussaint Louverture
Some significant black people of the revolution were Toussaint Louverture, he was the main force and eventually was the person who led Haiti into being a self governing black state, completely handled by the people who used to be slaves.  He was the main military commander, eventually making himself a governor for life until he was deported by Napoleon in 1803. Another man involved in this was Jean-Jacques Dessalines, he led under Louverture and defeated Napoleon in the Battle of Vertieres.  He was the one who officially made Haiti a country and made himself emperor.  In a manner reminiscent of Ceasar, he was assassinated soon after. Another main leader was Henri Christophe, he took part in the invasion of Santo Domingo and was elected as President of Haiti after the assassination of Dessalines.  This turned into him making himself King. This is just one way in which the Haitian Revolution may have succeeded in some goals, but in the end failed to create a true Republic. Monarchy took over again anyways.

Some of the white people who were significant were the rich white people as well as Napoleon.  The Haitian people took advantage of the turmoil France was in immediately after and used that to really kick start it. When Napoleon took charge, he wanted to quell the rebellion because of how much money the French people were bringing in from the cash crops Haiti produced.  He led a French force in to try to stop it, but this was eventually defeated. Charles Leclerc was another main military member, he was Napoleon's brother in law who wanted to assist in in taking back Haiti, he was driven off of the island by Dessalines soon after.  


Post Revolution

The newly-formed Haitian government attempted to incorporate many enlightenment ideals. One of which is that the government should be responsible of taking care of those that need it most. The government should also be popularly run, or at least run with the people’s best interest as defined by them. The revolution also marked a huge leap in social progress, it being the only successful slave rebellion in history. Haiti was also the first country to be ruled by blacks. Equality is an obvious ideal implemented by the young haitian government. Slavery was abolished, and blacks and whites had the same rights as each other. As discussed, seeing as Toussaint Louverture made himself a king, many Enlightenment ideas that were in existence actually did not live on after the Revolution. However, it was nonetheless a "successful" revolution in that it resulted in Independence and the founding of a new state.

Overall, the revolution culminated in the abolition of slavery, making it the only successful slave revolution in history that led to the foundation of a state, in this case the Haitian Republic. It was also one of two successful attempts to gain Independence from it's European mother country (the other being the American revolution). However, although an independent government was created in Haiti, its society continued to be deeply affected by the patterns established under French colonial rule. The French established a system of minority rule over the illiterate poor by using violence and threats.

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